How does human milk compare to cow’s milk?
Human milk has about 1.0 g protein per 100 g against 3.3 g in cow milk, but more lactose (6.9 g vs 4.7 g) and more fat (4.4 g vs 3.3 g). Energy is similar: 70 vs 62 kcal. Figures are from FAO's 2013 review, which uses USDA data for human milk.
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How do human and cow’s milk compare per 100 g?
| Per 100 g | Human milk | Cow milk |
|---|---|---|
| Energy (kcal) | 70 | 62 |
| Protein (g) | 1.0 | 3.3 |
| Fat (g) | 4.4 | 3.3 |
| Lactose (g) | 6.9 | 4.7 |
| Calcium (mg) | 32 | 112 |
| Iron (mg) | trace | 0.1 |
| Vitamin B12 (ug) | 0.05 | 0.51 |
Source: FAO, Tables 3.1 and 3.2. Human milk values come from USDA.
Why is the protein different?
FAO explains that cow milk has more protein because a calf grows faster than a baby. Casein makes up nearly 80 percent of cow milk protein but less than 40 percent of human milk protein. Human milk has no beta-lactoglobulin, a protein linked to cow milk allergy.
Does human milk have more fat or lactose?
Both are higher in human milk in FAO’s averages, which is why energy is similar even though protein is lower.
Can babies drink cow’s milk?
FAO reports WHO guidance that no undiluted cow milk should be given to infants up to 12 months unless accompanied by iron supplements or iron-fortified foods. Cow milk has more minerals and protein, which creates a higher renal solute load for infants. The NHS says cows’ milk should not be a main drink before 12 months. Talk to a health visitor, doctor or pharmacist about infant feeding.
People also ask
Does human milk have more fat than cow's milk?
In FAO's averages, yes: 4.4 g per 100 g vs 3.3 g for cow milk.
Which has more protein, human milk or cow milk?
Cow milk: 3.3 g vs 1.0 g per 100 g, per FAO.
Can a baby drink cow's milk instead of breast milk?
Not as a main drink before 12 months, according to the NHS and the WHO guidance cited by FAO. Ask a doctor or health visitor.
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