How does a mother’s diet affect breast milk?

Does a mother’s diet change breast milk quality?

The CDC guidance we opened does not give figures on how a mother’s food changes the makeup of her milk. What it does state is what the mother needs: well-nourished breastfeeding mothers need an additional 330 to 400 kilocalories a day compared with before pregnancy.

Which vitamins and minerals matter?

The CDC says needs rise for vitamins B12, B9 (folate), D and A, plus iodine and choline. It says diet alone may not ensure adequate nutrition, so a provider may recommend a multivitamin.

Does caffeine pass into breast milk?

Yes. The CDC says caffeine passes to the infant in small amounts. Low to moderate intake, about 300 mg a day or less (roughly 2 to 3 cups of coffee), usually does not harm the infant. About 10 or more cups a day has been linked to irritability, poor sleep and jitteriness. Preterm and younger newborns break down caffeine more slowly.

What about fish and mercury?

The CDC says most fish contain mercury that can pass to the infant through breast milk, so mothers should favor lower-mercury fish and follow FDA and EPA serving guidance. Fish rich in DHA are named as a food source.

Do vegan or vegetarian diets affect breast milk?

The CDC says infants of mothers who eat no animal products may get very limited amounts of vitamin B12, which risks neurological damage. Providers should consider supplements such as B12, iron, zinc, choline, vitamin D and omega-3s. Ask your doctor or midwife what you need.